Ante Portas, barbarian! To explain the European Union? Eastward enlargement of the S

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IntroductionIf we can not talk about communism, should not talk more to Eastern Europe, at least not in the capital? EA???? Oriental. Instead, we have a new Central Europe, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, Eastern Europe, where small???? Cu???? and, above all people, nations and states. ? Timothy Garton Ash during the years 1989 and 1993, was a real roller coaster ride into the history of Europe. The first wave of peaceful democratic revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), others a bit less calm in Romania and Bulgaria. Then the dominoes secessions from the Soviet Republics? The Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia. Finally??? The division of Yugoslavia and the outbreak of a bloody ethnic war, "Velvet divorce Czechs and Slovaks, and finally? Republics of the unification of Germany. The maximum diversity, at least once? might say, to paraphrase Milan Kundera? s famous description of Central Europe. Development has accelerated sharply, and refused to walk after breaking. In 1999, three new democratize have joined NATO, followed by another seven in 2004. Only 15 years the story of a roller coaster jumped the 10 new members joined the European Union (EU) ?? 8 of the post-communist countries. They were followed by two in 2007. For some, this is the actual type of "Cinderella Story. Poor, underdeveloped, post-totalitarian countries, full members of the club, probably the unique country in the world?? 15 years. Earned the transition???? perspective neophytes. A A A aaaaaaaa But what this process and its culmination in 2004 and 2007, from the perspective seems to older members? It was a decision to allow in all these people? Far away, who knows little?? en el inter?s de los 15? What was the reason for the decision? Why did it take so long observance? or maybe why it was so sudden? Miksi alikehittynyt it?isten naapurien ei kutsuttu karanteenin muoto liit?nn?isj?senyys eik? j?t? sit? suoraan kerho? Why bother with the whole of Western Europe? These issues seem to be very lively in the old Member States, especially those who do not have great opportunities for public debate, ?? The European idea ????. A A A aaaaaaaa I can analyze the problem to a depth sufficient to answer all these questions. My intention is to understand one???? Why the 15 EU members decided to give full membership of the 10 former communist countries (1) Central and Eastern and South Eastern Europe? This question has then two possibilities: counterfactual? Why was elected a full member rather than the denial of membership or associate at all. A A A aaaaaaaa to examine this question I will use two main approaches of European integration: intergovernmental and liberal social constructivism. I show how the two can explain various aspects of the ?? ????, Eastward enlargement and complement each other. I will also show why it was the extension of this, a good (as opposed to some of the sounds found 15) that a rational and normatively. A A A aaaaaaaa First, make two theoretical approaches, before turning to the ideas that are currently being eastward. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? value between the Liberals and Liberal governments, intergovernmental scientifically accurate version is designed by Andrew Moravcsik discuss ??? Important steps towards European integration? (cited: Schimmelfennig 2005: 75). The approach is based on the alleged instrumental rationality actors (states, state delegations in the negotiations), which operate according to their preferences (non-negotiation, established in the internal political battle), and try to achieve their goals, but limiting the rational actions of other state actors (2). A A A aaaaaaaa with 12 new members is certainly ??? Important ????, Stepa LI Therefore, we hope to be able to explain it. In this case, however, said that a major problem? ?? LI only offers a partial explanation for the eastward enlargement, as the U.S. ????, Frank Schimmelfennig (Ibid: 75, 86-92). ? Then explain how LI is able to explain how events developed. His main argument is that the LI did not give a very credible answer to the question of why full membership, rather than some kind of association offered to post-communist countries, and in 1993 (Ibid: 90). Schimmelfennig ?? S answer to this problem is the role of values in shaping actors???? preferences, and for what???? s much more important to strengthen or weaken their bargaining power (who speaks in the next section). A A A aaaaaaaa has two arguments in favor of LI, and received Schimmelfennig? S point. First? in the background???? partnership instead of membership???? more or less based on the assumption that the extension was a little short-term benefit of the old 15 It is even described as a goodwill or charity on behalf of the rich Western Europe. I want to show that this is not it???? at least not all the major members of the EU. Tool for testing the rationality behind the decision to allow the neighbors to the east to participate fully in the European project, leave the enlargement Lia??? S or application domain? Turfa House? (Caporaso, Checkel and Jupille 2003). Another argument is that if we treat the factor of ideational players???? formation that can be used both in its interest to a purely liberal intergovernmental analysis (which is also Moravcsik 's criticism of the assumed value of constructivism. Compare: Checkel and Moravcsik 2001). A A A aaaaaaaa will show that there are two ways that directly benefited from the old 15 candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Labor ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Social Constructionism: ValuesThe constructivist approach is needed (3), is an example of Schimmelfennig? S mentioned above, the moderate forms are presented here, emphasizes the role of social interaction process of Europeanization (Checkel 1999 Checkel and Moravcsik 2001: 220). Various processes of dialogue and negotiations to participate in the exchange operators said the deepest and thickest and ideas, which in turn has lead to a reformulation of their preferences and to consider their interests. Socialization process takes place the supranational European institutions and intergovernmental organizations, changing patterns of actors define themselves (identity), the objectives they seek and the means to achieve them. A A A aaaaaaaa to make it real, in the case of Eastern enlargement is a key problem in post-communist states? ?? extra-economic???? quality of bargaining power. 10 countries, which have little to offer in exchange for membership (which would be of great benefit to them). I question the logic of this one, but in any case, the problem is clear. Schimmelfennig? Response S is a community, adherence to certain values, that the post-communist countries are used to obtain bargaining power (2001). I would like to talk about the credibility of the constructivist explanations and confront him intergovernmentalist. AAAAAAAA accurately LI Case From point of view, the extension is a good choice for 15 of the previous government (and society at some point? Priority to education in the euro area). Explain the benefits of the candidates had to join is easy, at least??? Niin kirjallisuuden ehdottaa. These are short-term interests of the members are so irritating. In fact, I think is not quite true. As mentioned, the front-15 were two times. AAAA aaaaaaaa safety of short-term benefits are obvious (in fact refers to the geopolitical Schimmelfennig? [2005: 89]). The coastal State of the new democracies of Central Europe (Germany) were the most interested in???? seen both as a quick way to discipline and long-term stabilization of the region. Adrian Hyde-Price (2006) goes so far as to call the EU's instrument? ????, Collective Hegemony is used to increase the safety of members of the collective direct and indirect pressures to stabilize. This may explain the very old 15???? S rather quickly Association of newborn democracies, and gives a clear signal to possible accession. Make the criteria for the first vaguely, then more and more strict. Aaaaaaaa a a a short-term economic benefits are much less obvious. It is true that, throughout the United States???? S structural funds, large sums have been transferred to the east. In addition, the growing markets of Central and Eastern Europe was not of great importance, at least when the Copenhagen criteria. After the accession, however, saw a lot of short-term interests of the old Member States. Unexpected Result (4) extension to Eastern Europe and the liberalization of labor markets was the massive migration of the 12 new Member State, the courage to open its markets immediately. Great Britain and Ireland have been bombarded with immigrant women in the workforce, but also in Greece, Portugal and Spain, seemed to wave to achieve them. And the results were (are) ?? surprisingly positive. Ireland???? S upswing was hungry and cheap labor. Is a mythical figure? Polish Plumber? when the jobs and benefits of Western society turned out to be a complete misunderstanding. As the British and Irish authorities note (Travis, 2007, Seaver 2007), the Central and Eastern European immigrants, turned out to be not only hard workers but also consumers, increasing the domestic market. Whata? S more, and this is an intersection safety and economic issues, is a strong emphasis on the socio-cultural aspects of transition in Central and Eastern Europe. New economic reasons, are temporary, work-oriented and culturally compatible with Western societies. That is, most migrants do not intend to settle in the host country (and the host society? S-boot), rather labor income, often intense, and the problems of unemployment at less digest. The latter is particularly important now that many Western societies, it is difficult to assimilating their Muslim immigrant communities, which have a nest Islamic fundamentalism (5). A A A A A A A A A A A A brief???? This suggests that a credible explanation for this expansion to offer LI. Member of the old 15 had a strong financial security and allowed the post-communist countries? both short term and long term. I believe that full membership is more a symbolic thing, but more specifically? business could not have happened if the Central and Eastern Europe were only the external member. The economic costs of (structural) to help countries in Central and Eastern Europe would remain the same. Are not included in the decision-making would be difficult for a broad social consensus has been reached. Whata? S even more? vision of the accession on the horizon was a big motivation to reform in the region (Judt 1998: 102). If this target is not clear, but far away in time, the stability of the economic and political systems can be developed according to more or scenarios of Yugoslavia, Belarus. A A A aaaaaaaa It seems that Li is not a real problem explaining a result of the expansion, but I still believe that other theories can help us understand the shape and speed. Although the 15 old had some important advantages in the east, had just a few of his interests. Why are most important, which imposed a Western society with the elite and the interpretations of the facts which made the eastward expansion seem imperative, and why they were economically weak countries EEC to obtain such a strong position in negotiations (going from Copenhagen to Nice)? Constructivist analysis has something to say. ? ? ? ? ? aaaaaaaaaaaa In short, the European Union is a community to share certain values? liberal and democratic. It was built expressly federalist ideas of a united Europe for cultural, moral, and conceptual in Europe. According Schimmelfennig (2001: 63), members of the community should be expected to seek goals that are consistent with the ethos of the Community has the right and power to have common values. Constructivist account of his traditional values are only there for that old 15? Drivers???? process to embarrass ?? brakemen?? to accept full membership in the post-communist states. Kiver B. Neumann? S (1999) interpret the analysis has a different starting point? suggests that the elites in Central Europe developed its own community discussion, in order to demonstrate: an integral part of the West (Judt 1998:42), the European cultural heritage, to which they relate and the Central European identity, which allows countries in the region to cooperate for a peaceful and civilised???? ????? way. Somehow, the Central European intellectuals try to teach in Western Europe, what it means to be European (Kundera 1984, 2001), and how much in common with the EC had provided for their wealthier neighbors in the EC. All I had a hint of bitterness???? In some circles, the EC reminded the audience that Western Europe was in part responsible for the Central European historic setbacks. Words???? Munich Treason ? ????,?? ? ????,?? September 1939 Yalta?? and ?? Marshall Plan? is often used (Pa ? D 2006). A A A A A A A A A A A A When? Discourse of the European Central Bank? and the Visegrad countries proved to be efficient in terms of a visa for the EU / EC, other, less obvious??? Central European? geographically, began to use it, which enlarges the area literally imagine? Trieste in the Adriatic Sea???? that, this time in Tallinn in the Baltic Sea coast, and even Sophie in the Black Sea (Neumann, 1999). AAAA aaaaaaaa This demonstrates the important role of the European identity ? ???????? played in the negotiations. I think that the mere association (such as the target, and stage prior to accession), is simply not possible, or the prohibition of integration. Clear material interests, was 15 before enlargement, there may simply be a legitimate explanation for leaving out the CEE states. The Copenhagen criteria, an explicit statement of the reference points were the candidates of the EU's legendary persons such as Lech Walesa and Vaclav Havel. If the EU banned the new states? loses its legitimacy, and a benign picture of the liberal democracies. In turn, could indicate that it is morally exclusive, selfish interests of the beneficiaries of the Marshall Club, that he forgot what the other continent and the United States thing. AAAAAAAA Conclusion: strengths and weaknesses of the intergovernmental TheoriesMy intends to use the liberal and social constructivism to explain how the eastern enlargement of the EU has taken place, and why he developed it. LI, I may have more to say about the process than we think. Not only can explain the details of the negotiations candidate? S-side (Moravcsik and Vachudova 2002), but as I have tried to show, can make a credible explanation of the old 15 and the settings. A A A aaaaaaaa LI may explain why I was elected to full membership of any kind of association. Constructivism, in contrast, can show full membership was the only option so imagine the members of the EU. EEC so I think they used the references? European identity? and how this speech was excited for? Drivers???? integration between the 15 old, is a good idea. A A A A A A A A A A A A total of? constructivism, but interesting, seems less value-added analysis in this case that its proponents believe. It turns out that much can be explained in part rational, but constructivism adds a touch of Weber's understanding of erkla reationalist ? stairs. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? References Caporaso, James, Jeffrey Checkel and Jose Jupille (2003) ??? Integration ? ? ? ? ? ? institutions: Rationalism, Constructivism and the study of the European Union aaaaaaaa Introduction ????, Comparative Political Studies 36 (February-March): 7-40. ? Checkel, Jeffrey T. (1999), a? ????, The Social Construction and Integration Journal of European Public Policy ? ? 6 (4): 545-60. ? Checkel, Jeffrey and Andrew Moravcsik (2001) A? ? constructivist research studies in the EU? ? ????, European Union Politics 2 (2): 219-249. Adrian Hyde-Price (2006), a? Normative power Europe: a realistic critique? ????, ? aaaa Officer of European Public Policy 13 (2): 217-34. ? Judt, Tony (1998) Wielkie Z? Udzenie? Esej or Europie [Original title: ????? Grand Illusion? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Essay European ????], ? w Warsaw-Krakow: Wydawnictwo naukowe OWN. Kundera, Milan (1984) ?? Zacha ? d Porwany tragedy albo Europy? Rodkowej?? [originally published in English under the name ?? West, tragedy, kidnapped, or the European Central Bank Zeszyty ????], Literackie 5 Kundera, Milan (2001) A? ????. Rodzinny Niekochane dziecko In J. Baluch, Hrabal, Kundera, Havel, ?? | Miscellany czeskiego eseju, W ? Krak?w: Universitas. ? Moravcsik, Andrew (1998) The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State power aaaa A, Messina to Maastricht, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ? Moravcsik, Andrew and Milada A. Vachudova (2002)? Negotiations between unequals: enlargement and the future of European integration ????, EUSA Review, 15 (4): 1.3-4. ? Neumann, Iver B. (1999) uses the other. ?? East? the formation of European identity, aaaaaaaa Manchester: Manchester University Press. Quarterly ? ak, Attila (2006) Remapping Mind: East and West, the communist east and central European aaaa Reinventing Central Europe. In: http://www. talaljuk-a a a a a a a a a a a ki. HU / index. php/article/articleview/734/1/18 / (2 11, 2007). ? Schimmelfennig, Frank (2001) A??? Community trap: liberal norms, rhetorical ? ? ? ? ? ? ? function and the eastward enlargement of the European Union, the International Federation of ????, aaaaaaaa ? ? Organization, 55 (1): 47-80. ? Schimmelfennig, Frank (2005) A? ????. Liberal Intergovernmentalism? In: Wiener and Julia aaaaaaaa a a a Thomas Diez (eds.), European Integration Theory, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, A: 75-94. ? Seaver, Michael (2007) ?? Spain stands out immigration Leader ? ? ????, Christian Science Monitor, 5 September. Travis, Alan (2007) ?? Britain better on immigration, an official report shows ????, Guardian Unlimited, Tuesday 16 October. 1. Namely: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. ?? 10? se refiere a todos los post-comunistas novatos, no los 10 Estados que se incorporaron a la UE el 1 de mayo. 2004. Cyprus and Malta are excluded from the analysis. 2. Of course this is only a shallow draft Moravcsik? Theory, but enough for my paper. A detailed presentation see LI: Moravcsik 1998. 3. As in Section intergovernmental liberal on abortion, I do not want to dig a meta-information theory of social constructionism, such as the scope of this document is not large enough and not very relevant to the discussion. 4. Schimmelfennig (2001, 2005) speaks only of trade and investment, when referring to economic benefits. This leads him to conclude that the EAEC? S neighbors of the Member States should be interested in the possible extension of distant lands. Therefore, it can not explain the UK (from the opposition Conservative? Europhobia?? [Schimmelfennig 2001: 53] is quite weak) ?? neighborhood and not far from the preaching of the European idea. Inter alia, the liberalization of labor markets, United Kingdom???? Believes that it is very easy to handle. 5. ? Unlike most scholars writing on the rather suggest that the negative effects of moving to New 12 (). This is because a very strong brain drain, the flight of good training and mobile workers to countries where they get the stocks are often over-qualified. This in turn will reduce the open unemployment in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which would reduce labor and prevent students from ever join the workforce the country of origin. Unemployment is falling leads to the suspension of any long-term measures to structural causes of unemployment? socio-economic time bomb. Sociological and psychological negative effects of high immigration is also difficult to ignore. ?

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Ante Portas, barbarian! To explain the European Union? Eastward enlargement of the S